Cultural Issues Of International Business - 1821 Words

Culture can be defined as â€Å"the sum total of the beliefs, rules, techniques, institutions, and artefacts that characterize human populations† (Ball et al, 1999 p.258). Sociologist generally talk about a socialization process – referring to the influence of social groups upon an individual, and the interaction of that individual with other members of society. Key elements of culture include language, religion, values, attitudes, customs and norms of a group or society. Cultural issues present a significant challenge to businesses; particularly international businesses. This is because businesses involve people. Every business employs people, sells to people, buys from people, and is owned and regulated by people. International people involve people from different national cultures - these cultures affect every aspect of business functions, including but not limited to: recruiting and managing a workforce, marketing and distribution, purchasing of raw materials, deali ng with regulators, and securing funds. The challenges that cultural issues present to international business is that of creating and nurturing cultural awareness; identifying and understanding the dynamics of culture; recognizing behavioural patterns and practices that affect the business; and coming up with strategies for dealing with cultural differences. Cultural awareness can be described as awareness of the various norms, practices, and other cultural variables of a country. This is an important aspect toShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Issues in International Business2688 Words   |  11 PagesFestivals of Fiji 4 Ratu Sir Lala Sukuna Day 4 The Lovo Feast 4 Culture 5 The Three Cultures Model 5 Cultural Frameworks and Dimensions 6 Hofstede 6 Trompenaars Hampden-Turner 7 Hall 8 The Johari Window 9 GLOBE Research 10 Comparison of Cultural Frameworks and Dimensions 11 Management Approach 12 Conclusion Recommendation 13 APPENDIX A 14 References BibliographyRead MoreThe Impact Of Culture On International Marketing Communication1486 Words   |  6 PagesSUMMARY Cultural factors have long been known to impact the communication and success capability of competition in conducting worldwide business. The objective of this report is to recognize the importance of cultural factors occurring in marketing communications. 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Nursing Reflection for Rehabilitation - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theNursing Reflection for Cardiology andRehabilitation. Answer: Introduction: Everyone is having their own map which occupies the mind of the people making different perceptions. These maps have the power to develop a portray that lasts a lifetime and personal experience plays an important role in developing perceptions. As represented in geographical maps, in the similar way personal maps are developed by the individuals that help us to known about our environment but these are representations as per our thinking only. As per my personal experience which is capable of determining that how much of our surroundings we see actually. At an earlier stage when I had joined the programme of Nursing, a very first thing that comes to my mind is what motivates the nurse to be successful in her profession, how well educated a nurse should be, what are the various responsibilities of nurse, how she manages the timings of her work shift, what she wears, how active she is and many questions were giggling in my mind. I had made the image of a nurse by studying various articles and hearing for many people like nurse got ready with a white uniform along with a cap on her head, she has to very punctual at her work place. People call them as Sister usually as sister stands for care and love while performing the duty.The nurse always greets all the patients with a smile on her face and filled with enthusiasm all the day. She takes care of medicines and injections to be provided to all the patients at the right time. She shows the words of sympathy which are enough for the hope of patient to get well soon. Nurse act as the right hand of the doctor when the doctor is on round to know the position of patients. Moreover, nurse jots down all the prescriptions given by the doctor very carefully and follow the precautionary measures to take care of the patients. She is also responsible for the proper diet taken up the patient as advised by the doctor (Cirocco, 2007). Her each and every action is as per doctor advice. As if any patients condition demands an action then she immediately informs the doctor. She has to prepare a chart of her duty hours which includes the things to be offered to patients at which time like medicines and other things. After her hours of duty, she has to give charge of duty to another nurse at the end of her duty timings. Individuals who have the strong wish to take care and have concern for the well being of people by suggesting good health measures are the one who is interesting as well as a right candidate to join the career of nursing (Cirocco, 2007). Due to the change in demand for nurses in the health department, there is a range of employment opportunity at several places. The nurse can pursue her career in schools, hospitals, old care facilities, nursing homes, airlines, specialized organizations, research organizations, Non Governmental Organizations and several other healthcare services (Daniel, 2016). Nurses can also be the teacher for teaching health classes; she is responsible for taking care of the patient, for rehabilitation, to promoting healthy life style, providing tips to cure disease and many more activities. As per my experience, in the hospital, a Nurse can practice in trauma or emergency unit, critical care unit, surgery ward either outpatient and inpatient, gynecology, cardiology, rehabilitation, cardiology and psychiatry. Moreover, Nurse can perform in the clinics, offices, schools, public and occupational helath sytem of physicians' in the community. During my first year of masters programme, I had learnt about Clinical Decision Making, Healthcare Management, Hospital Administration, Nursing Models Development, and Trends Issues in Nursing (Daniel, 2016). There are tremendous career opportunities like a lecturer in the university, administrator of the health department, in charge of a specific unit in the hospital, a researcher in the nursing field, CEO of the hospital. My wish is to become a registered nurse and to obtain a state license in order to work in a nursing field. Throughout my master's programmed at the university, I had learned various skills from basics to the practi tioner. I have had hands at a clinical lab, what I had observed is totally on my experiences dealing with patients and fellows. However, there are a lot of amendments in health care business the Bureau of Labor Statistics predict an expansion of 16% in this occupation for the decade 2014-2024 (Daniel, 2016). The regular yearly wage for register nurses was $71,000 as of 2015 onwards. Critical reflective journey Nurses are always motivated to be a reflective practitioner, which is how to reflect critically. I have learnt from many experiences of mine to deal with patients, to provide medication at the right time while taking care of a patients health. Anxiety during clinical practice At the start of clinical practice, I was a bit anxious about how to deal with the patient. I had some difficulties experienced at the beginning of clinical decision making disquieting about providing the incorrect information to the patient was among one of the issue that always makes me nervous. Although as a beginner, I am full of enthusiasm to fulfil all aspects of my responsibility. I remember during my primary day I was worried about giving the incorrect chunk of information to the patient as I memorize that one of the patients point out me about his diagnosis report and at that time, I said 'I dont have an idea' then he screams on me and asked me how you will be able to look at me as if I do not know about the diagnosis results of the report. At that time Doctor just arrived and handled the situation. In this way, I got the lesson that before going to the patient, we must have knowledge of the patients diagnosis. We have started making a chart of medications given to the patien t by jotting down the information prescribed by the doctor after that day. I usually stand at the right side of doctor to understand each and every aspect of patients medication and diet schedule. In this respect, I had started giving proper medicine to every patient in my ward assigned to me and I had started making personal concern with every patient to motivate them to get well soon. In this way, many patients started calling me as a sister. I feel elated to hear and patients started sharing their problems without hesistation which results in their early recovery. I used to take patients outside the ward to enjoy the natural environment who are handicapped. Whenever a patient enters the hospital I always help them to proceed with their treatment. Overall I can say that the first month of my training in the clinical lab was full of nervousness, although I thank my fellows to motivate me to complete my training successfully. The moment we progressed in our training and having hands on experience of day to day, my nervousness fades away. I had started handling the situation with more confidence. During this programme which has given me flexible time, I was selected as Head Nurse in a health care department where I had started instructed new interns. Later I had choosen the field cardiac cath lab where I was working as Head nurse for 5 years. I had many experiences with patients. Still, while working, I realize the need to persue masters in Nursing after my Bachelors in Nursing. As per my personal experience, I had learnt the duties of a nurse; I had work in hospitals where I got the opportunity for providing care to patients by managing their medication chart and observing the condition of the patient at different time intervals, maintaining records and having advised from doctor to do my duty. Not only care and physical support are provided rather I had provided emotional support to patients as well as patients family members. I remember one patient who had no hope of getting well but I had supported her emotionally and motivated her to live a healthy life. I had given a detailed background of the disease causes and effects and how to cure after treatment. Even special diet plan card I had made personally as per condition of a patient by communicating with the doctor. Moreover, home care strategies after treatment are provided to the patient and some tips how to take care of self with the proper medication schedule (Daniel, 2016). Another experience which I faced are the changes in the dressing of my 21years old patient. This task took almost 30mins to change the dressing. I had gone to the clinic number of times to bring the stuff needed to change the dressing and my hands were shaking at that time. I was feeling embarrassed as the patient gets irritated and my instructor was observing my way of dealing with a patient. That day I came to know about some of my weaknesses and further my instructor guides me to handle such situation with calm. I have realized that Nursesare the most faithful healthcare professionals. We are with patients while their treatment in the hospital.I personally play the role of not only of the nurse but the role of teacher, care giver, advocates, innovator and a critical thinker as per any situation arises as the patient comes under my unit of duties.Nursesare a teacher, advocates, caregivers, critical thinkers, and innovators. I feel honor while performing my duties in a professional environment andI proudly say that nursesare the heart and soul of the healthcare system of any country. Gap in Theory- Practice Every student feels that there in the gap between theory and practice as we learnt so many different aspects of nursing, but there are not many opportunities to do them in practice. One incidence which relates my theory and practice class when I got theory lecture on a disease such as diabetic mellitus then very next morning I went to the ward and have observed the patient suffering from diabetic mellitus then I had recalled all my theory content and this way all remain in my mind. As what I had read in the lecture was same as what I had observed practically. So practical plays a vital role. Try to always relate what you had studied in practical form. I had started reflecting my ideas for the clinical practice by learning theory aspects of nursing. In this way, the gap between theory and practice will be obsolete. Moreover, we are typically trained by the Head Nurse or other Nursing staff. The other ward staff is having no concern about what students learn or not, they are busy with their duty schedule and are unable to have both an educational and a service role. Some of the nursing staff has good interaction with nursing students and they are interested in helping students in the clinical placement but they are not aware of the skills and strategies which are necessary for clinical education and are not prepared for their role to act as an instructor in the clinical placement (Gallus, 2014) During Practice, the instructor acts as an evaluative person and majority of students had the perception that their instructors have a more evaluative role than a teaching role (Gallus, 2014). The role of mentor in guiding the student nurses to grow towards excellence is necessary. Around half of the students in my programme section mentioned that some of the Manager of nursing unit and Staff Nurses are very good in guiding us during clinical practice. The clinical mentors can play a vital role in nurses to build up confidence, enhancing view point in society, and motivated to work independently (Gallus, 2014). I personally feel that a good mentor always support, guide and provide us social front to do our role of being nurse perfectly. Clinical practice skills are very important in nursing education because the theory can be read by anyone but the real practical experience is the power in hands of nursing profession. In our university, nursing faculty is concerned about solving student problems in education and clinical practice. The Faculty of Nursing plans the nursing curriculum in a way that nursing students be involved actively in their education. Reflection is the diagnosis of individuals thoughts and actions. There comes a stage when confidence was building up in me to deal with the patients then I had started interacting with my colleagues and I was very well aware of the environment in which I have to work as a nurse. I got a chance to know my strengths and to do my tasks appropriately. Everything is aligned with my beliefs and values as I have hands on experience of nursing. I have started recalling my past experiences to improve my present tasks in a nursing environment. In this way, I have started my journey towards better and effective ways for nursing. Sometimes I feel negative about acting in specific behavior but at last, I found the ways to realize the things in positive ways which are more effective and motivate patients also to live in a healthy environment by following proper medication. I have started working in a professional environment. Further, I have started observing my own actions in dealing with different patients. As I am getting experience, I got a habit of improving my ways by comparing with other professionals. Why is reflective practice so important? Reflective practice or experience is critical for each person specifically nurses as they need to extend the medical facilities with focus basis their acquired knowledge through education and conduct in the treatment of patients and their families members to meet the challenge. It is more serious when we look at it from point of ever changing and update in their area of work. On one side technology is updating and changing the way one has to work and update their acquired professional skills and other side customer being having knowledge of treatment being given to their members. Attending reviews and meetings in their fields helps them to gauge challenges and opportunities of future and do SWOT analysis to strategies their future plans. To add to this, they need to be very interactive and communicative with their colleagues as this profession rely more on mutual support as compared to any other field of area. Though they should always be in touch with the ever changing environment, they should also learn to be sort of self dependent. This goal can only be realized by them if they are attentive to feedbacks of the stake holders i.e. patients their families, their colleagues and the Institution they are working for and making the best use of given exposure. How to be reflective To be reflective is a really big challenge in given a set of lifestyle. You would not have enough time to meet deadlines not only in professional life but also in personal life. One can be under enormous pressure to achieve this goal. Here we are listing tools or area which can be optimally used in fast pace life to be reflective in real sense and ensure your growth in the future. Feedback Feedback is the critical and central area in the process of reflection as to what you are today is only on basis of what you were being told by stakeholders in past as one is always acknowledging the verbal or written feedbacks from others for our skills, efficiency and even how we conduct in public space. But the question is Do I know correctly what I have seen or listen? By nature, all of us are grown with certain sort of views and perception and with it we all have a different set of view of the world not only in terms of how we look at the world but also how world look at us or a particular incident around or in the world we are living. A simple way of achieving this is to develop the habit of getting feedback or understanding perception of other people about a particular incident is by being proactive in interacting with the people around or simply asking for feedback on your services. Yes, the people you are interacting should be one you can trust and is honest with his view and even more, you can rely or value upon. That person can vary from place to place, say, at work, that can be your senior or even a junior colleague who is in position to give you another angle to your thinking or approach to a particular situation to add to your learning. Remember, though, you need to be active enough not to take his feedback as the truth always but yes make sure you give due regard to the opinion. One should be motivated enough to be reflective to accept responsibility and challenge to ASK- what, when and where how they perceived your behavior without thinking too much as some will, some would not but so what. For illustration, one should ask can you give me some feedback as to how I handle to that patient? At first, you may be surprised as you will find people bit hesitant in providing feedback but slowly when they feel or realize that you may ask for their view, they are likely to come up with valuable suggestions full of information and useful resources for you. Rather I was astonished to find people coming to me for feedback for their work. Viewing experiences objectively To attain as intention a image as likely of yourself, the actions or yours and the colleagues, attempt the subsequent exercise. Remember an event from the current past, one which concerned you and an additional person or other people. Now envisage yourself at the theatre. On the phase are the group of actors in the scene in which you were concerned. Look as cautiously as you can at what you are burden and proverb and at what the other person is doing and saying. Gaze at the communication, connecting you and the other person, and look at the role you are playing. Do you observe anything dissimilar from this viewpoint and, if so, what? How does this have an effect on you now? Practising this means of looking back on an knowledge can help you build up reflection-in-action skill. Being a participant observer of your own experience is a sophisticated skill and can enable you to process the underlying elements of a personal experience.A useful way of reflecting on an interaction, possibly one that has involved you in a conflict of some kind, is to adopt an empathic position to try to see, hear and feel what the other person may have experienced. Working conditions and salary Even though many events perform in a cath lab are planned during daytime hours, emergency occur that necessitate cath lab nurses to be accessible around the clock. Employment opportunity for cath lab nurses can be bring into being in hospitals, private clinics and cardiac catheterization laboratoarys. As with the majority specialty in nursing, salary will differ depending on years of experience, credentials and geographic area. The standard salary for a cath lab nurse in 2013 was between $65,000 and $83,000 a year according to a survey completed by Springboard Inc., which is a medical staffing agency (Hamlin, 2004). Nurses who are interested in working in a cath lab should be detail-oriented. They work very closely with cardiovascular technicians and physicians and should work well as part of a team. The work can become stressful, and emergency situations may develop quickly. Cath lab nurses should have a calm demeanor and work well under pressure (Hamlin, 2004). Medicine continues to evolve, and new technologies are always emerging, especially in cardiovascular care. Nurses who work in the cath lab should enjoy learning and stay on top of the latest information Sometimes people decide to become nurses rather than doctors, because the nurses will be able to help patients directly, by talking to them, doing things they need, carefully watching that nothing goes wrong, and then seeing them as they get better (Hamlin, 2004). Like doctors, nurses can choose what work they do. Some nurses train and work to help during the surgery. Some nurses train to help people understand health problems like nutrition (what to eat), and disease (what can make people sick). Nurses can do many different jobs to help people. Conclusion Nurses are in demand because there are not enough nurses to handle hospital needs. Because of this shortage, nurses will sometimes travel to another location to work for a few months in what is called travel nursing. My life experiences have helped me to realize that nursing is my calling. I feel the best about myself when I am given the opportunity to help and care for others, and it would be my dream to complete the Nursing Program at your incredible institution. My first memorable experience working with nurses happened at 17 years old when I became pregnant. This time in my life was incredibly scary and I got through it with the help from my wonderful family and caring visiting nurse staff. I was so empowered by the nurses support, education, willingness to help and their positive influence that they helped me believe that I could be successful. References Cirocco, M. (2007). How Reflective Practice Improves Nurses Critical Thinking Ability.Gastroenterology Nursing,30(6), 405-413. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sga.0000305221.78403.e9 Daniel, E. (2016). Music used as anti-anxiety intervention for patients during outpatient procedures: A review of the literature.Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice,22, 21-23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.11.007 Gallus, P. (2014). One nurse?s inspirational journey.Nursing Critical Care,9(1), 7-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000438646.27086.f7 Hamlin *, K. (2004). Beginning the journey: supporting reflection in early field experiences.Reflective Practice,5(2), 167-179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14623940410001690956

Prositution free essay sample

Prostitutes in Thailand Should be Legal, Or Not? In 2001, there were 2. 02 million of prostitutes in Thailand according to the research of Thai Child Rights Organization, while in 2005, the number of prostitutes was increasing to 2. 51 million. Although prostitute is an illegal occupation, the number of them is still increasing in each year. Is it better if we use the law to control this Job by making it as a legal occupation? There are 3 advantages to make prostitute as the legal occupation concerning about the economic side which are receiving more taxes, decreasing the healths budget according to sexually transmitted disease, ND decreasing the governments corruption. Firstly, we can receive more taxes from legal prostitute. In Switzerland, the country that prostitute is legal, prostitutes gain 1. 18 trillion Baht (3. 5 billion Swiss Franc) income per year to their country which meaner that the country receives 0. 59 trillion Baht for taxes . According to the thesis of Clangorous University in 2009, the average income of prostitutes which the age of 18-35, 80 percent of all prostitutes, is approximately 85,000 Baht/month and the number of prostitutes is 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Prositution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6 million. Thailand uses the progressive tax rates which mean the more you got, the more you ay taxes. Prostitute has to pay income subtracted all expenses)*12*O. 2(rate of taxes for people who have the income more than 500,000 Baht/year]Baht/year for taxes which meaner that the government should receive approximately 13. 4 trillion Baht/year (84,000 Baht*l . 6 million prostitutes). Not only the income of government that will increase, but the expense from healths budget is also decreasing too. Regarding to the latest sentence, being prostitute to be a legal occupation can cost less money on Public Healths budget. In 2012, Thai government spent 134 million on AIDS patients. Government has to spend 2. 74 million Baht on 1 patient per year. It can be said that if number of AIDS is increasing, the budget spending on these patients will increase too. Not only AIDS is the sexually transmitted disease in our world, but there are others like Kangarooed, Scabies, Syphilis, and Coincide too. The number of patients who got sexually transmitted disease in Thailand during the year 2003 is approximately 1. 6 million people according to the World Health Organizations research. Compared to Switzerland, the number of the patients is only 16,000. The reconstitutes in Switzerland have to check up their physical health every month so that the risk of getting sexually transmitted diseases is decreasing as well. If prostitute is a legal occupation, it will easier to control these diseases too. Finally, pushing prostitute to be a legal occupation can decrease the governments corruption. After Mr.. Chit Cosmologist, the former massage parlors owner, entered political roles, he has revealed many shocking information about prostitution in Thailand. In 2003, he unveiled that some of his best customers are politicians and police officers. He lamed that he also have to paid those influential people more than 2 million dollars for the bribes to keep his business goes on. According to Mr.. Cosmologist, some large prostitution rings in Bangkok and other provinces are backed by politicians and other influential people. In 2012, he revealed the information of the sex trade area in Hat Way. He SAA d brothels in Hat Way nave to pay band per month to police. Both politicians and police have been supporting and indulging in the prostitution industry openly. If we push prostitution to be the legal occupation, the corruption will decrease too. To conclude, pushing prostitutes to be a legal occupation can benefit economy of the countries by receiving more taxes, and decreasing the healths budget and the governments corruption.

A Historical Look at Punishment

A Historical Look at Punishment Free Online Research Papers Imagine for a moment being Robert-Francois Damiens, who in 1757 was executed for the attempted murder of King Louis XV. Mostly likely one would expect to be put to death by a quick beheading through the use of a gelatin or by the swing of an executioner’s sword. However, this was not the case. His sentencing required flesh from his body to be torn off by flamed pincers, having those wounds filled with molten sulfur, and to be quartered by four horses which involved the horses pulling in opposite directions until the body’s limbs were ripped off. In today’s American society one would find this sentencing to be under the Cruel and Unusual Punishment Act which does not allow for such a horrific torture to take place. We would, on the other hand, expect the punishment to be severe for such an elevated offense, but the punishment for an attempted murder of an official would more likely involve life in prison, with a possible chance of parole or less. This quick description of punishment in different eras shows a little bit of where we were with the treatment of criminals in the past, and where we are today. To fully understand how we have made such accomplishments and changes in controlling deviancy we must look to the very earliest of civilizations and through time to realize why the changes were made and what they were. The Ancient Times were loaded with diverse punishment for criminals, and ways of deterring criminal acts to take place. Greece, for instance, heavily practiced execution, banishment, and exile. Execution consisted of crucifixion, stoning to death, and throwing from high cliffs. Many of the executed were left in public view while their body’s rotted away to deter others from committing the same crime. Israel followed the codes of the Bible, punishing criminals through exposure to wild animals, lashings, cursing, crucifixion, and casting down. The punishment was to revenge what laws of the Bible they broke and to be equal to what they have done. Early Rome had The Twelve Tables, which were the earliest written laws and punishment were burning to equal the offense of arson, throwing from a cliff for perjury, clubbing to death for mocking a fellow citizen, hanging for stealing crops or other property, and a few other vicious punishments for higher offenses. As society entered into the Middle Ages physical punishment followed in a similar fashion to ancient times through European countries and American colonies. The punishment involved five degrees of severity and were all held out in a public arena. The first degree was flogging and whipping, which was used mainly for control over prisoners. Used heavily throughout American colonies until the 20th century, the whipping allowed officials to forcefully control subjects and to deter others by the fear of harsh rules that follow imprisonment. The second level consisted of the burning of skin and flesh. As discussed in the case of Damiens, burning of the flesh was carried out as a deterrent and as a means of revenge. A third degree offense would have involved mutilation or an act that would have left the body permanently disfigured. These punishments were dealt to offenders as a deterrent to others and were designed to match the offense accordingly. For example, a thief would have the ir hands cut off, a liar would have their tongue ripped out, and a sexual offender would have their genitals removed. A fourth degree offense ended in instant death. Reserved mainly for royalty and nobles, the death was quick and virtually painless. Decapitation in this manner was seen as an honorable death through the Middle Ages. Finally, the fifth and last level of severity led to a very torturous, painful, and agenizing death. This is exactly what Damiens would have been sentenced to for his murder attempt on the king. It consisted of all the other punishment levels and a multitude of acts. Torture was used in the sentencing to gain confession of the criminal’s wrong doing and in efforts to free their souls from the evils which they committed. Also some societies practiced exile and transportation. The punishment sent criminals to foreign land or to newly discovered land as a way to remove them from society. Greek offenders were forced to Rome, who also practiced exiling any criminals to other countries. Amazingly, America was one of the newly discovered lands that Europe used as a transportation and exile area. The big change in punishment came about in the 16th and 17th centuries throughout Europe and began to spread elsewhere. What began as workhouses for social deviants and minor criminals would eventually span out to become long term, up to two years, holding cells for all criminals and even those who actually haven’t broke any written laws, such as mentally ill. The motivation behind this switch was a change in attitude towards punishment and its physicality. Thought began to emerge of taking away personal freedom and to make the person’s soul and spirit suffer more harshly then the body. Another main factor that led to more modern day prison versions was the passing of laws to keep non-criminals out of prison. This meant that there would no longer be holdings of mentally ill, children, women, and a very large number of debtors who were originally placed together. Reformers such as William Penn, John Howard, and Jeremy Bentham began studying prison systems to better the development and the purpose of prisons as institutions of rehabilitation. Penn shifted punishment by setting only one capitol punishment, being premeditated murder, and abolishing all former English capitol punishments. This became known as the â€Å"Great Act† of 1682. Howard and Bentham stayed busy by writing books on reformation and rehabilitation of prisoners, and by developing new versions of prison architecture. Along with other reformers, these men were able to help swing society’s view of punishment and set up new deviance control methods that were more centered on criminals and teaching them ways to correct their criminal ways. Obviously the harsh punishment in Ancient Times and through the Middle Ages wasn’t the most efficient manner to deter criminal acts because crime rates did not drop nor did criminals stop committing the same crimes. One of the problems revolved around the fact that many being punished were not offenders of serious crimes. Many were forced to thievery because of their social status and it was the only way for survival, while others were punished because they were in debt to a noble. The shift towards prison sentences established a well defined written law and also set punishment levels more accordingly to their offenses. Today’s prison, parole, and probation system allows use to hold prisoners in appropriate places. Our society has minimum to high security prison that have the ability to separate the serious and violent offenders from those who committed lesser acts. This keeps morale high for those who now the will be returned to society after a short sentence bec ause they understand that the situation could be worse. Probation and parole allows the offender to slowly adjust to normal society through certain regulations, routine drug checks, and probation or parole meetings to affirm success or to catch another criminal act by the offender. This operates as a deterrent and as a guide to the offender, while at the same time creates a system of checks and balances that officials can follow to assure they are releasing a reformed person who is no longer a deviant of society. However punishment is dealt, we will always have deviants in society, and it would be impossible to eliminate all criminal acts. I think we have come a long way in controlling deviancy and where we are at today has led to crime rate drops and will only continue to create new techniques in criminal deterrence, reformation and rehabilitation, and better programs to reintroduce criminals into society. Research Papers on A Historical Look at PunishmentCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Fifth HorsemanBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

How to Use the Preposition To

How to Use the Preposition To To is one of the most common prepositions in English. The preposition to also a part of the infinitive form of the verb. For example, these are all infinitives: To doTo playTo sing Infinitives can be combined with other verbs such as hope, arrange, want, etc. I hope to see you next week.Tom arranged to have his sister picked up at the airport.Your sister wants to help you understand mathematics. The preposition to is also used as a preposition of movement or direction. To is sometimes confused with at or in. Both at and in show the place, but to shows movement to this place. For example: I live in Boston. Lets meet Tim at the town center for lunch. BUT I drove to Boston. We walked to the town center for lunch. Here is a summary of the uses of the preposition to. Important prepositional phrases with to are also used as discourse markers beginning sentences to link one sentence to the next. The Preposition To for Movement Use the preposition to when indicating that there is movement from one place to another. In other words, the preposition to with verbs such as drive, walk, go, hike, fly, sail, etc. Were flying to San Francisco on Thursday for a meeting.We thought we should walk to the bakery for breakfast because it is such a beautiful day.The captain sailed to the closest port. It should be noted that the preposition to is never used with the verb arrive even though it indicates movement. Use the preposition at with the verb arrive I arrived at work early in the morning.The children arrived at the park to meet their friends. To as Time Expression The preposition to can also be used to refer to time in the same sense as the time expressions till or until. Meridith worked to (OR until, till) five and then left.Were going to wait another three weeks to the end of the month. From/To Time Expressions When a starting time and a finishing time is mentioned, use the preposition from to express the beginning and to for the end. We usually work from eight in the morning to five oclock.She played the piano from ten to twelve. To in  Phrasal Verbs The preposition to is also used in many phrasal verbs. Here is a short list of some of the most common: look forward to somethingobject to somethingappeal to someoneboil down to somethingget to something I look forward to seeing you soon.Peter objected to the way he acted.That car really appeals to Susan.It boils down to this: You need to work hard.Just a moment, Ill get to that subject soon. To as Infinitive of Purpose   The preposition to is used as an infinitive of purpose to mean in order to. For example: I spent some money (in order) to get some help.Susan hasnt worked so hard (in order) to give up! Linking Phrases With To The preposition to is also used in a number of common phrases to link ideas, often at the beginning of a sentence. To a great extent To a great extent begins or ends sentences expressing that something is mostly true. To a great extent, the students work hard in this schoolI agree with Toms ideas to a great extent. To some extent To some extent is used to express that something is partially true. To some extent, I agree with the ideas introduced in this discussion.The parents are at fault to some extent. To begin/start with To begin/start with is used to introduce the first element in a discussion with many points. To begin with, lets discuss the problems weve been having in the classroom.To start with, Id like to thank you for coming tonight. To sum up To sum up introduces a final review of the key ideas in a discussion. To sum up, we need to invest more money in research and sales.To sum up, you think that its all my fault!. To tell the truth To tell the truth is used to express an honest opinion. To tell you the truth, I think Doug is not doing a very good job.To tell you the truth, Im tired of listening to politicians tell us lies.

Environmental Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Case Analysis - Essay Example The individuals in effect make up the society and hence have to decide what they want to do with their resources but the ultimate decision maker is the government who has to look after the environmental as well as economical side of each decision. The society's concern is to increase their welfare from the amount of resources that they have and the government has to take the decision with economic viability in mind, the case points out that the only way to strike a balance between the two is to have a free market economic system in place which will balance the amount of resources that need to be put in to reduce pollution and those that need to be employed else where. The major economic concepts in the case are of opportunity costs and cost benefit analysis, these concepts are the binding factors for the environmental and economic side of the argument. The analysis can be divided into two portions: the scientific point of view and the ethical point of view, talking of the scientific point of view the first thing that is to be understood is that all things that are achievable in a laboratory are not achievable in the world outside it for example clean water only exists in laboratories and not outside them. But who is to decide what clean is What is clean for some one is not clean for some one else and hence there is no agreement. ... extent does it have to be curbed Should it be cut off from its roots Should it be allowed to remain at a level These are the questions that have to be answered by the scientific side of the issue. When we speak of science, inevitably we have to speak of economics because it is economics that shows us the way to have a cost effective method of curbing pollution. Such methods and processes should be introduced, which tend to minimize maximum amount of pollution using the minimum amount of resources available. The first thing to understand is that there are a limited number of resources that every community has on its disposal and it has to decide how and where to use these resources, hence not all the resources can be used to curb pollution because then the community will have nothing to eat, wear and will have no shelter over their heads. On the other hand if none of the resources are used to curb pollution then pollution would become a major issue for that community. Hence this shows that we have to strike the right balance, that is, the right decision in the right area at the right time. As stated in the case, the right balance can only be achieved if there is a free market economy in place. A free market economy is one where every individual seeks to attain his or her goals in any suitable way he or she wants without any specific restriction or restraints and hence increase his or her satisfaction. By doing this they increase the over all utility of the community and hence in a free market economic system there is a negligible role of the government. Adam smith, the father of economics, said the free market economy operates as if an invisible hand guides each and every individual to attain their goals, and keeps on shifting the economy to the right equilibrium

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Coursework Example In this entire period, the Canadian Aluminum company shifted its strategies from immediate to deliberate strategies. However, its external factors were very influential on the decisions made. As the company continued centralizing its structures, it relied on deliberate strategies. The authors have a high credibility in that, they are attempting to evaluate whether the growth of a company depends on either deliberate or emergent strategy. Their credibility is evident since they try to apply what Henry Mintzberg had already introduced. Other scholars have reviewed the source of their information. In their findings, they disclose that emergent and deliberate strategies vary in their continuum. The authors research and findings support the research topic, that their exist similarities and differences between the emergent and the deliberate strategies. I endorse their conclusion on the ground that, the two strategies cannot be equally exclusive since either occurs because of varied factor s. Mintzberg, H., Waters, A. J, 1985, Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent: John Wiley & Sons, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. ... The article is relevant to the research topic since it supports that there is a sharp dichotomy between the deliberate and emergent strategies. Some of the features that I consider useful in supporting the research topic is when the authors confirms that the two strategies are like two end points of a scale upon which the organizations base their strategies. In presenting their credibility, the authors come up with a notion that and some other fundamental issues linked to strategic decisions. In their conclusion, they disclose the various types of strategies that concealed in research. In extent, these may compromise the validity and reliability of their research since most of the strategies unearthed are not peer reviewed. The strategies uncovered in research include; planned, entrepreneurial, ideological, umbrella, process, unconnected, consensus and imposed strategies. Even though, I support their research that there is a great comparison between the emergent and deliberate strate gies, I am not quite certain about the other strategies they introduce and consider that they also vary. Mintzberg, H, 1990, Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management, John Wiley & Sons, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Mar. - Apr., 1990), pp. 171-195. Accessed: 30/07/2010 04:57. Web: Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2486485 Among the opinions held by particular groups on the formation of strategy, there is one that lies beneath the descriptions in the area of study, and that is the design school. The main purpose of this paper is to suggest on a simple model, which evaluates the process, as a design to accomplish a fundamental anchor between