life of US soldier :: essays research papers

The quality of life of the single soldiers in the Army is at an all time high. Never before has there been such an effort to increase the quality of life as we have had in the last few years. From 1998-1999 the army spent nearly $600 million in new barracks construction or renovations to older barracks, building 30,000 1 + 1 spaces for junior enlisted. The command here at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center has also tried to keep the permanent party soldiers in a 1 + 1 style of living even though current events have forced some changes. Today we are finding fewer places that still have 4 per room or a common latrine for the floor. We have kitchens, laundry rooms with easy access, and a decent day room. And while they are not always up to a standard we expect, it’s only because the soldiers that use them fail to keep them clean or take care of the equipment in them. Unfortunately despite all the changes to recent policies and the continuing improvement in the barracks there are still several areas that I would like to see improved. In terms of our living areas the main issue is privacy and morale. The command does not abuse the use of inspections because they are a necessity, but they do not consider the fact that some jobs in the hospital operate on a 24 hour basis. For example while working night shift you may wish to sleep from 1000 till 1600. Since there are shift workers who are home during the day, or people who come home for their lunch break you are forced to deal with loud music or yelling outside, not to mention traffic. But worse then that, if there is a room inspection or furniture check, you also have to deal with people walking into your room, usually around 1100-1400. It’s obvious where the problem is with shift workers. This could be easily fixed by starting earlier such as at 0830-0900 or even just starting at 1000 while going to the night shift personnel’s rooms first. This would eliminate being disturbed during sleep time and still show that the command cares about the welfare and morale of its soldiers. When considering the quality of life of single soldiers, you must also look at programs offered to them. This area we also find to be lacking.

Dr. Strangelove

653 Throughout Dr. Strangelove, there are examples of a variety of leaders and leadership styles or lack thereof. A majority of the characters in this movie obviously have a difficult time being effective leaders. It is apparent from the beginning of the movie, particularly the scene where Mandrake enters Rippers office. There are obvious issues with his Rippers mental capabilities. Ripper, because of his position, at some point must have been an excellent leader, appears to have lost his sense of reality and become paranoid. This became clear when he convinced himself that the Russians had infiltrated the water system, which are the causing him ill effects. Because of his delusions and paranoia, Ripper put his country at risk of a disaster confirming that he is incapable of still leading. On the other hand, Mandrake appears to be a sufficient leader and makes every attempt to reassure Ripper and try to obtain the code to stop an unnecessary attack on the Soviet Union. Throughout the movie, Mandrake appears to be the most competent leader and in the end confirms this by deciphering a code that prevented all but one of the bombings. Buck Turgidson sees himself throughout Dr. Strangelove as a superior officer and leader. Proven repeatedly through the movie Turgidson exhibits an enormous ego and has a questionable sense of leadership. He seems more occupied with his personal life and his paranoid beliefs of the Soviet Union than leading his saving his own country. The president in this film, Merkin Muffley, is an interesting portrayal of a United States President. Muffley shows no exceptional leadership skills but does seem to have the ability to make his own decisions. However, there are points while in the war room that make his leadership skills questionable. The conversations between the president and Dmitri Kissof, for instance, definitely show a submissive side of Muffley. However, he does seem to redeem himself in several scenes when making appropriate decisions in effort to halt the bombings. Col. ‘Bat' Guano appears to be a strong leader and commander. During the scene of Mandrakes capture the colonel is forceful however shows the skill to accommodate Mandrake. This is apparent when the Colonel fires upon the soda machine to assist Mandrake in acquiring enough change to contact the president. A leader like this is an asset in any situation, especially this one. Soviet premier Dmitri Kissof is a humorous portrayal of any type of leader. Kissof, portrayed to be a drunken leader, is more interested in his personal amusement rather than leading his country. During the scene where the president is speaking to Kissof, it becomes apparent that instead of ruling his country, he is enjoying a party and listening to loud music. While pilot Maj. T. J. Kong is not one of the main leaders in Dr. Strangelove however, he is an imperative leader. His leadership skills are far superior compared to a greater part of other leaders in this movie. Examples of his superior skills, exhibited in the last few scenes, Major Kong risks his life to repair the bomb doors in his plane, resulting in his riding the bomb to the ground for detonation. Finally, Dr. Strange-love is not particularly a leader but more of an information source. Although it is apparent through the few scenes he appears, that at one time, he was an important asset to the Nazi’s and some sort of scientist but now was an important source of information regarding the doomsday device. In the end, the few good quality leaders were essential in the successful return of all but one bomber. Unfortunately, this last bomber also had a great leader who was determined to complete his mission, and succeeded in his bomb detonating. Dr. Strangelove certainly reveals different leaders and the detrimental effects poor leadership can result in. Works Cited Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Screenplay by Stanley Kubrick. Dir. Stanley Kubrick. 1963. Columbia Pictures, 2004. DVD

Importance Of Conformity In School - 1068 Words

Social Conformity in School School is a time to get a basic academic education which allows for a better understanding of the world we live in, and an opportunity for a better life. Additionally, it’s a crucial phase for adolescents as they are on the quest for self-discovery. Adolescence is a time of cognitive, biological, and social challenges but it is also a time to achieve many things. In school, students get exposed to peer pressure and feel the need to conform to the people around them. People conform to avoid looking foolish or sticking out of a group. For that reason, people are matching the beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes to whatever the â€Å"norm† seems to be at that time. Conformity doesn’t end after you graduate school, yet it†¦show more content†¦Middle school is where your future really starts, and that’s why it can be the hardest part of your school years. Due to all these changes, kids start losing who they are, so they begin d ressing alike, talking alike, acting alike, and even eating the same food and listening to the same music. Conformity is the most dangerous in middle school, because this is where the opinions and judgmental comments begin to arise among students. To avoid being judged from peers, students do and say anything that will help them fit in. In rare cases, students do their own thing and stray away from what others believe is â€Å"cool†, but in more cases than not, those are the students who get bullied the most. There was an experiment done by Soloman Asch in the 1950s. The study was looking at conformity and how it influences people’s decisions. In the study, Asch found a group of people who were willing to give an incorrect answer to conform to the rest of the group. Next, a naive student was placed in a room with the other people who were â€Å"in on† the experiment. The naive student had no idea that the other students were not real participants. They were give n an eye test and the students who knew were in on the experiment were told to give an answer that was obviously not correct, but when the one naive student heard their answers, he conformed to the rest of the group and said the same. This experiment is a true test to show how easy people will conform to fit in with the crowd.Show MoreRelatedConformity: Sociology and Dead Poets Society777 Words   |  4 PagesConformity is the social influence involving a change in an individual’s behaviour in order to be uniform and consistent with the expectations of a social system. Conformity provides order and stability in a society as well as a sense of equality, a sense of belonging and identity and the freedom to achieve their full potential. These positive aspects of conformity are explored through the visual text, Dead Poets Society. Conformity is vital in the promotion of equality. Through conformity individualsRead More Comparison of the North American and Japanese Educational Systems1744 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of the North American and Japanese Educational Systems The comparison between Japanese and North American educational systems is often used. The Japanese system, along with other Asian cultures, places importance on the group and the interdependence of its members (Cole Cole, 2001, p. 541). The North American model, in contrast, focuses on the ideals of individuality and independence (Cole Cole, 2001, p.541). This contrast is due to a conflicting cultural/social structure andRead MoreMean Girls Film Critique1288 Words   |  6 PagesShe is a 16-year-old white girl who has to learn how to adapt and change to her new environment, which is in a suburban area and a new completely average high school. Cady already knows that the laws of the jungle and the survival of the fittest but must now understand how to play in this brand new urban jungle. When she arrives in school she befriends an unpopular girl named Janis and her homosexual friend Damian, who quickly become Cady’s new best friends. Cady starts to have feelings for Reginaà ¢â‚¬â„¢sRead MoreWhy Should We Take Gym Class?1275 Words   |  6 Pagesparents have raised the issue of individuality vs. conformity, or letting students choose whether or not they want to take the class vs. forcing them to, pertaining to physical education. Conformity is the wise choice-- schools should make gym a mandatory class every year. Because physical education improves a student’s health, encourages teamwork, and boosts academic performance, the sacrifice of individualism is well worth it in the end. Schools must make students conform when it comes to the popularRead MoreThe Origins Of Human Performance Technology913 Words   |  4 PagesPerformance Technology (HPT) are rooted in more than a century of research. Like a jigsaw puzzle being put together, many contributors created and added pieces to what would soon become a revolutionary concept. Ultimately, people began to recognize the importance of the human components in manufacturing, business, and organization. A pinch of art, a slice of science, and a heaping scoop of data and statistics produced this new way of thinking. Who are these â€Å"witches† brewing this new discipline? SadlyRead MoreSocial Control Theory Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesThe social control approach to understanding crime is one of the three major sociological perspectives in contemporary criminology. Control theorists believe that conformity to the rules of society is produced by socialization and maintained by ties to people and institut ions— to family members, friends, schools, and jobs. Put briefly, crime and delinquency result when the individual’s bond to society is weak or broken. As social bonds increase in strength, the costs of crime to the individual increaseRead MoreEssay about Conformity and Rebellion in Conversion of the Jews1238 Words   |  5 PagesConformity and Rebellion in Conversion of the Jews Though it seems like a stereotype, all teenagers, at some point, choose to rebel against authority figures or conform with their friends. Part of growing up means becoming the person God intends you to be and finding out how to survive, or be independent, on your own. Conformity and rebellion, two issues that each human being has experienced, have great effects not only on the conformist and rebel, but on the people around themRead MoreAn Era Of Great Conflict1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1950s, Tocqueville’s five characteristics of American Exceptionalism are invalidated; liberty was not attainable due to the Cold War policies like McCarthyism, racism, such as the massive resistance of integration, disproved egalitarianism, conformity, in the suburbs and women’s lives, throughout this decade refuted individualism, populism was belittled with the government’s little help for the Civil Rights Movement, and Laissez Faire Economics was replaced for a short time with Keynesian economicsRead MoreTaking a Look at the Transcendental Movement1455 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure of Dead Poets Society. The central character in this film and the epitome of transcendental values is John Keating. Mr. Keating is the new English teacher at Welton Academy, the school in which the entire movie is set. From the very beginning of the movie, Mr. Keating shows his students the importance of non-conformity, a key element of transcendentalism. For instance, he has them do an exercise in the courtyard that consists of them marching around and clapping in unison. When asked by Mr. NolanRead More Standing Alone Against the World in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead816 Words   |  4 PagesStanding Alone Against the World in Ayn Rands The Fountainhead Conformity is a basic human characteristic that man spends a life time either fighting or accepting, but few can escape.   Parents, churches, schools, and communities teach that the path Peter Keating follows is the assured road to security and happiness.   Humans crave companionship and are willing to sacrifice their values, beliefs, and very souls for the satisfaction of superficial love.   Howard Roark demonstrates that true happiness

Essay on Social Policy Development - 1431 Words

It was not until the time of Sigmund Freud that people looked at the psyches of an individual and how that could impact an individual’s life. Before that time, children were viewed as extra farm hands and generally as cheap labor. Families did not consider the possible negative impact this could have on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of human development and expanded the thought processes that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories about human development. Freud created the doorway by which all future developmental researchers were able to walk through to advance the study. While, experts have clearly not agreed on†¦show more content†¦Poverty is a generational issue, and most of the time mothers do not know how to care emotionally for their children. Poverty is one of the risk factors that have additional consequences that accompany it. Povert y brings several things with it that increase the infant’s exposure to physical, emotional, and cognitive harm. Infants and children raised in poverty are less likely to receive basic medical treatment and simple untreated illnesses can have a devastating lifelong effect. Families are more likely to live in substandard conditions that expose the youth to environmental risks such as contaminated drinking water and lead. Underlying stressors associated with poverty are financial stressors and depression among the youth’s caregiver. These issues can lead to ignoring of the infant’s emotional needs and the infant misses the opportunity to create a lifelong bond with another and trust in another being able to meet their needs. Inadequate parenting can occur over a child’s entire life span with different and yet still devastating results. As stated in by Hutchinson in her book Dimensions of Human Behavior, Changing the Life Course (2008): The most pervasive response to inadequate care giving is nonorganic failure to thrive (NOFTT). This diagnosis is used to describe infants, usually between the ages three to twelve months, who show poor development, primarily in terms of weightShow MoreRelatedThe Development Of The Welfare State And Social Policies1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of the Welfare State and Social Policies have been based on assumptions about gender, race, ability/disability and age. Discuss this statement with reference to one of the highlighted issues and illustrate your discussion with at least one area of Social Policy Disability is an umbrella term used to cover impairments, activity limitation and participation restrictions. Disability is not just a health problem but a complex phenomenon (WHO 2015). Disability has been a neglected areaRead MoreThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Implications of Current Child Policy for the Welfare of Children Children in the United Kingdom are key consumers of social policy. They consume a vast amount of the many services provided by this Country. Services such as health care through Doctors, hospitals and clinics, the education system which is largely devoted financially to the schooling of young people, and also the social security system which is stretched by children whose parents are in need of income Read MoreLearning Guides for Practitioners Working with Children1984 Words   |  8 Pagespractitioners are expected to understand the effect of the spaces on children and young during transitions and be able to demonstrate skills and knowledge to shape their relationships between peers and with adults, to influence their physical, cultural, social interactions and be able to explore different standpoints. (Open University 2014, Learning Guide 15.1) Similarly, it was suggested that thinking spatial can be one of the critical thinking skills of practitioners when working with children and youngRead MoreHuman Behavior And Social Systems Development : Case Management, Direct Practice And Advocacy For Policy Development1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocial workers are professionals who promote social change through problem solving in human relationships. To ensure the wellbeing of clients they promote empowerment strategies and liberation tools. Social workers apply theories of human behavior and social systems development to support people’s positive interactions with the environment. Social workers play three major roles in working with children and their families. These three roles are key in the following practice arenas: case managementRead MoreSocial Policy: Supporting Children in Care and Adult Care Leavers1445 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Policy Social Policy Supporting Children in Care and Adult Care Leavers Social Policy The main aim of this new social policy in the United Kingdom is to ensure that children who leave care have similar access to educational opportunities like other children within the entire society. Children who leave care lack the needed knowledge and capacity to survive in the society since they have limited access to essential resources in the contemporary world. The education of children in and leavingRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Welfare1640 Words   |  7 Pagesassumption that the development of welfare states was in direct response to social needs brought by industrialization and economic development. In fact the early scholarship in social policy did not question the causational effect between economic development and development of welfare states. Understanding that economic development alone cannot sufficiently explain why some countries developed into full welfare states while others did not prevail until the emergence of social democratic theory andRe ad MoreEssay on social policy1190 Words   |  5 Pagesand Social Care Student Name Unit 7: Social Policy Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 07/03/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1 Understand the origins of social policies 2.1 Analyse the processes involved in the development ofRead MoreEconomic And Human Development Policies Since Independence886 Words   |  4 PagesTanzania, education has been entrenched in economic and human development policies since independence in1961. As a result, policy makers continue to treasure the vital role of education in poverty reduction and in the acceleration of social and economic development (URoT, 2011; Wabike, 2014). The urgent need of education in development achievement for instance, persuaded Tanzania to espouse the Universal Primary Education (UPE) policy in1974 promoting education for all children under Education forRead MoreElectoral Pressures In Africa Case Study1531 Words   |  7 PagesHave electoral pressures of the post-1990 period reshaped the economic policies pursued by African governments? Why or why not? In you answer, be sure to contrast the pre- and post-1990 periods, and use the experience of two African countries to support your answer Electoral pressures and economic policies in Africa: Past records and prospects Introduction: The 1990s represent a period of electoral pressures for most Sub-Saharan African countries as governments faced external influences for politicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Bolsa Familia Springs From A Long Tradition Of Welfare And Development1471 Words   |  6 Pageswelfare and development strategies in Latin America. Economic and social development are of central concern to governments and development agencies worldwide due to their direct link to equality. This can be explained through the well-defined link between income levels and health, education and nutritional outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing inequality in order to break the cycle of intergenerational poverty. Thus, reducing inequality is central to the success of policy initiatives

Evaluation Of The O Malley And Pierce Reading Essay

Assessment Description: Which form of assessment did you choose? What rubric categories did you use? Explain how this assessment reflects appropriate practices for ELLs? The form of assessment that we chose was the picture cued description test. We also had our student do a self assessment and finally, we gave her time to draw whatever picture she wanted but just had to explain it to us. We started with the self assessment, which was taken from Chapter 4 of the O’Malley and Pierce reading. The self assessment itself asked the student to rate the difficulty level of things that the student could do in English. Some statements included, â€Å"I can speak with native speakers outside of school, I can listen to and understand video and television, and I can describe past events.† We then chose to do a picture cued description test. This included a 6 frame picture story board that was a picture of a boy throwing a ball for his dog, and the dog returning the ball back to the boy. We asked our student to explain what was happening in the picture and to tell us a story of what is going on with the boy and dog. Finally, the last part that we ass essed the student on was her ability to draw a picture but to explain why she wrote it and what the picture meant. We gave the student a whiteboard and marker and gave her about 10 minutes to freely draw. She drew a person sleeping in a bed under the moon and stars. The rubric categories that we used was the SOLOM teacher observation Student Oral

Short History of Mass Comm Free Essays

A Short History of Mass Communication Theory Paradigm results is a theory that summarizes and is consistent with all known facts and this often leads to a paradigm shift a fundamental, even radical, rethinking of what we believe to be true (Kuhn, 1970). Mass communication theory is a particulary open to such a paradigm shifts due to 3 factors : 1. Advances in technology or the introduction of new media. We will write a custom essay sample on Short History of Mass Comm or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Calls for control or regulatiin of these new technologies require. 3. As a country commited to protecting democracy and cultural pluralism. These factors produced 4 major eras of mass communication theory A. The era of mass society theory B. The era of scientific perspective C. The era of limited effects of theory D. The era of cultural theory A. THE ERA OF MASS SOCIETY THEORY During the second half of 19th century and the first decades of 20th century mass circulation newspaper and magazines, movies, talkies, and radio all came to prominence at this time. The country’s peaceful rural nature was beginning to slip further into history, Industrialization and urbanization is spread. The media needed to be controlled to protect traditional values and to prevent similar abuses at home. The resulting paradigm was mass society theory, the idea that the media are corrupting influences that undermine the social order and that â€Å"average† people are defenseless against their influence. The fundamental assumption of this paradigm is expressed in the hypodermic needle theory or magic bullet theory. Mass society theory is an example of grand theory, one designed to describe and explain all aspects of a given phenomenon. Media did have effects, often good ones. B. THE ERA OF THE SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVE Scientist determined that different factors led some people to be influenced and others not (Lowery DeFleur, 1995) The researcher had benefit of advances in survey research, polling, and other social scientific methods developed and championed by Austrian immigrant Paul Lazarsfeld. How to cite Short History of Mass Comm, Essay examples

Fukuyama the End of History free essay sample

Does the Marxist critique of capitalism still have relevance today? Despite the continuous and exaggerated proclamations toward its diminishing relevance, the theories and critiques originally put forth by Karl Marx toward the economic, political and social order continue to exert enormous intellectual influence and clout throughout human society. The 21st century, thus far, has been defined by utter global dysfunction through widening income inequality, financial crisis and instability, worsening environmental disasters and ongoing disputes in industrial relations[l]. The volatility and growing injustice of the contemporary era has brought about not only a resurgence in Marxist thinking and ideology, but has simultaneously mandated a deeper analysis toward the largely revered ideals of free-markets and capitalism as the global norms. The once widespread notion the fall of the Soviet Union represented the final demise of Marxism proclaimed the end of history by many is increasingly being exposed as short-sighted and negligent toward the ongoing and even growing importance of Marxism in contemporary debate[2]. This essay intends to argue the continuing relevance of Marxist theory in the 21st century. Furthermore, it is clear upon investigation that the ideas and critiques put forth by Marx offer an insightful explanation toward many of the issues which plague the existing political and economic systems throughout the globe. The continuing and even growing significance of Karl Mars works in the 21st century is largely attributable to the ongoing crisis of modern-day capitalism. In his writings, Marx made numerous observations and predictions toward the free-market system and its laws of existence and upon analysis, it is clear that many of the ills and injustices which permeate throughout the modern global economy can be aptly explained by the critiques and theories put forth by Marx over a hundred years ago[3]. First and foremost, he anticipated that capitalism in its nature is a system which concentrates wealth and pits classes against each other. As marketplace competition progressed, he proclaimed that monopolies would occur along with an increasing concentration of capital in the hands of fewer and fewer individuals. Ultimately, this would cause a growing disparity in wealth and would pit and increasingly disparate working class against the capitalists[4]. Furthermore, while he acknowledged that capitalism is a suitable vehicle for economic growth, he also rightfully proclaimed that such growth would ultimately be built upon an unsustainable model. Furthermore, it would be negligent toward the advancement of the greater good and would be at the expense of the working class[5]. Such economic growth, as we can observe in todays global economy, has lead to increased mechanization and productivity, but has merely been used as a vehicle for further unemployment and inequality. Secondly, an ever increasing disparity of wealth would ultimately limit the consumer purchasing power within society and subsequently cause capitalism, even in spite of advancements in productive capacity, to attention as system lacking and constrained tot demand[6 Furthermore, given its unpredictable and static nature, capitalism would always be riddled with imbalances and the levels of production wouldnt be relative to demand, leading to an improper and distorted allocation of resources. This, in totality, would inevitably be responsible for gross and widening inequality, social unrest and an economy prone to meltdowns[7]. The recurring and persistent issues of capitalism alone ought to confirm the ongoing elevate of Mars critique. There is, however, much more that Marx anticipated specifically doing with the environment which hold significant and increasing relevance in contemporary times. Marx astutely made the point that the advancements brought about by capitalism and mass profiteering would not only be detrimental to the working class, but would inevitably lead to large scale degradation of the agricultural and environmental landscape[8]. This clearly is still relevant today as we see degradation of our environment on a mass scale in the name of profit and economic growth. Furthermore, Mars detailed analysis of many of the cultural aspects of capitalism still ring true today. This largely revolves around issues such as colonialism, gender equality and its role in the spread of global capitalism, especially in the developing world[9]. Specifically, one can point to the globalization of capitalism in modern times as a mere meaner of exploiting cheap labor sources whilst simultaneously causing irreparable degradation to the environment, all in the name of profit[10]. Looking back, it is increasingly clear that the observations offered by Marx still hold rue and are in fact increasingly relevant in contemporary times. Ultimately, as Marx anticipated, capitalism has proven to be volatile and self destructive force which contains the seeds of its own demise. With the globalization of capitalism and economic activity in the over the last few decades, one can now witness these flaws permeate on a much grander scale. Events such as the global financial crisis, an issue which alone is testament to the continuing relevance of Marxist critique, are bound to happen in a worldwide capitalist economy built upon widening income inequality and reckless profiteering. Furthermore, the large scale destruction of our natural and environmental resources have been done in the name of capitalism and short term gain over longer term rationality[11]. There are clearly distinct parallels between what Marx put forth and the ongoing issues which we face in the 21st century which signal his continuing relevance in contemporary times. References Google Docs. 2002. Marx, Weber and the Critique of Capitalism. [online] Available at: HTTPS://docs. Google. Com/document/d/l YnelX85nXksuW-a- [Accessed: 10 July 2013]. History of Economic Thought Society of Australia. 2010. Mars Understanding of the Essence of Capitalism. [online] Available at: http://www. Heats. Org. AU/PDF-back/17- 3. P accessed Postpone, M. 1993. Rethinking Mars critique of capitalism. In: Postpone, M. Deeds. 1993. Time, Labor and Social Domination. 1st De. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, up. 3-42. Rescind, S. And Wolff, R. 2010. The Economic Crisis: A Marxian Interpretation. Rethinking Marxism, 22 (2), up. 171-184. Available at: http:// Allah, R. , Khan, K. And Sails Shah, M. 2012. Steinbeck The Pearl as Marxist Critique of Capitalism. Alienation Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2 (4), up. 73-278. Available at: http://www. Sunshine. Com/Journals/ Volvo_2_No_4_Special_Issue_February_2012/32. PDF [Accessed: 10 July 2013]. University of Kent. 2008. MARXISM AND THE CRISIS OF CAPITALISM. Cocaine] Available at: http://www. Kent. AC. UK/sell/philosophy/articles/Sayers/Marxism andh20thiscrisispofficapitalismesPDF: 10 Jul 2013].Julyuman rights are a contested concept. Yet this has not prevented them from having impact around the world. Discuss. The concept of and idea of human rights is one which permeates tthroughouthroughouts of international politics. It is routinely invoked by political elites, academics and has been used to both Justify and denounce conflict. Never less, human rights remain a widely contested concept and as a result are subject to various interpretations[12]. Furthermore, while sthrong costrong has been reached globally toward human rights norms, substantive controversies and differences remain over the specific contexts and meanings of human rights. However, this is little doubt the ongoing ideal of human rights has historically been used as an instrument for oppression by the powerful and as a tool for resistance by those whom have been arginaliseReginaldctively employed, the fight for human rights has presented a formidable challenge to authorities and oppressive regimes that are negligent to their plight tor recogntorton. Otten timeOatenman rights are done away in order to manipulate or reaffirm a regimes grip on the social order. In spite of its ongoing contentions, human rights continue to impact the world greatly and are part of an ongoing struggle for recognition by many oppressed groups and people[14]. The 20th and 21st century has beared witbeardo the proliferation of human rights law to the forefront of international politics. Contrary to standard thinking, the United Nations over the course of the last century has been extremely productive through its plethora of declarations, conventions and resolutions in order to deal with a broad range of abuses tthroughouthroughout[1 5]. These abuses centrally focus on racial discrimination, women and cchildrenchildrensequality and the recognition of indigenous groups. This progress has been primarily pushed by non-governmental organizations, faith based groups and social-Justice based initiatives. In totality, there has been sense of substantive and serious progress by the international community o deal with the ongoing issues of human rights tthroughouthroughout[16]. This progress, however, has also been undermined a host of factors which have contested its motives and effectiveness. The logic and theory of liberal human-rights have come under heavy criticism from a host of individuals and groups in academic circles most namely Marxists, Marxistts, authoritarians and cultural relativists[17]. Beyond this, the growing use of human rights as a political practice viewed with apprehension by those in non-western governments, corporate actors and a wide range of political elites who often invoke the competing political mperativesimperativesty, economics and realist ambition as a mearns to meaner basic standards of human rights[18]. Upon deeper analysis, it is clear that there has been a lack of focus toward the true meaning of human rights as seen by a wide range of political and social actors on the global stage. Furthermore, there has also been a lack of understanding toward how the institutioinstitutionalizingrights in international politics has impacted the cultural and social cohesion of political processes and relations, both domestic and internationally[19]. Human rights can only be enforced by states. They are, however, not the primary function of the great majority of states and their application is largely regulated by international bodies and institutions. The increasingly global nature of human rights is caused by the increasing capacity and potential for them to be institutioinstitutionalizeddwide scale. In the contemporary era, the vast majority of states have committed themselves to wide reaching human rights treaties and agreements which has further entrenched international law toward global human rights[20]. Subsequently, states which have yet to ratify to international standards nd norms hNDe faced mounting pressure to bind themselves to an increasingly global consensus. Because of this, one could reasonably assume that the increasingly institutioinstitutionalized human rights could pave the way for unprecedented progress[21]. The recent strides made toward womens rights, especially toward reproductive freedoms and toward same-sex mmarriage marriagements to the evolving definitions of what constitutes human rights. This progress, however, must be tempered wit n the reali ty trealuTTYn rights can largely on be realised trealizedathroughation of the nation-state. While the application of human rights is ncreasinglincreasinglya global issue, the state remains the key actor in the realisatiorealizationrights. Subsequently, while much of the western world marches forward toward greater equality, many third world states still lack the basic respect for fundamental rights and show no signs of development[22]. The global movement toward equality is grounded in a belief in the transformatransformation of our world. Furthermore, global recognition of human rights is contingent on the realisatiorealizationas a civilisaticivilizationgressed forward. The coming together of nation-states in pursuit of human-rights is a pivotal component of the iberal iniIberiae which seeks to institutioinstitutionalizes of individuals. It is a narrative driven by the ongoing conviction that the world is continually emerging from injustice from an unciviliseuncivilized initiative has traditionally emanated from the heart of Europe and has spread to encompass a wider agenda of western- liberalism in the contemporary era. The end of the Cold-war has spawned an era of liberal internationalism as the global norm, which still lacks any ideological equivalent[23]. This, however, doesnt signal an easy and uninterrupted march toward progress. Numerous critiques still exist along with substantive and practical tensions that charactericharacterizehts law.